Compare Article Revisions

Original Article

Article 24. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes)

Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Revised Articles

AICHI Kazuo (2004)

Article 24. Article 31. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Obligation towards Family Household Management and Marriage, National Duty of Protecting Respect for Families)
The family household is the most fundamental unit of society. All respectively bear responsibility for managing the family household to which they belong.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes The State shall respect and protect the family household.

Atarashii Kenpō o Tsukuru Kokumin Kaigi (2003)

Article 24. Article 31. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Obligation towards Family Household Management and Marriage, National Duty of Protecting Respect for Families)
The family household is the most fundamental unit of society. All respectively bear responsibility for managing the family household to which they belong.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes The State shall respect and protect the family household.

Atarashii Kenpō o Tsukuru Kokumin Kaigi (2012)

Article 24. Article 23. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Obligation towards Family Household Management and Marriage, National Duty of Protecting Respect for Families)
The family household is the most fundamental unit of society. All respectively bear responsibility for managing the family household to which they belong.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes The State shall respect and protect the family household.

EGUCHI Katsuhiko (2012)

Article 24. Article 18. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships Life and Equality of the Sexes Men and Women)
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce marriage, marriage divorce and other matters pertaining to the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes men and women.

HATOYAMA Yukio (Full Draft) (2005)

Article 24. Article 25. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships Respect for the Family and the Dignity of Individuals; Equality of the Sexes)
The family must be respected as the fundamental unit of society.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Jiyū-Minshutō: Liberal Democratic Party (Aug 1, 2005)

Article 24. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Fundamental Rules Regarding Marriage and the Family)
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Jiyū-Minshutō: Liberal Democratic Party (Oct 12, 2005)

Article 24. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Fundamental Rules Regarding Marriage and the Family)
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Jiyū-Minshutō: Liberal Democratic Party (2012)

Article 24. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Fundamental Principles Concerning Family, Marriage, Etc.)
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis. Family shall be respected as the natural and fundamental unit of society. Family members must support each other.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes. Marriage shall be based (Deleted: “only”) on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to family, maintenance, guardianship, marriage and divorce, property rights, inheritance and other matters pertaining to kinship, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

KIMURA Mutsuo (1996)

Article 24. Article 22. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Marriage and the Family)
Marriage Matrimony shall be based on the mutual consent of both sexes a man and a woman and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis. Husband and wife shall have equal rights and their family shall be maintained through mutual cooperation.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, the family’s domicile and property rights, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws that will lead to a prosperous and happy family life shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

NAKASONE Yasuhiro (1955)

The People, and Their Rights and Duties
Article 24. 
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
...
(4) The family is the moral foundation that makes society. It is held together by affection and virtue, and the happiness of each person is a mutual responsibility.
...

NAKASONE Yasuhiro (1961)

Article 24. Article 25. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships Marriage and Equality of the Sexes)
Marriage shall be established only by the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Nakasone Yasuhiro Peace Institute (2005)

Article 24. Article 28. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships Household and Family and Equality of the Sexes)
The family shall be the fundamental unit that composes society. All persons shall each endeavor towards the maintenance and the formation of the family to which they belong.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) The State shall protect the family as founded on individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
(4) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

Nippon no Kokoro: Party for Japanese Kokoro (2017)

Article 24. Article 27. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes
Family, Marriage, and Custody of Children)
The family is the natural and foundational unit of society and shall be protected by the State. Marriage The family shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis by mutual trust and cooperation.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation and the equal rights of husband and wife.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse,  property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to the marriage family and family marriage, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual human dignity and the essential equality of both sexes husband and wife as well as the significance of the family.
(4) Custody and education of a child shall be the right and the obligation of their guardian. The State shall render any necessary assistance to a guardian for the custody and education of a child.

Nippon Seinen Kaigisho: Junior Chamber International Japan (JCIJ) (2012)

Article 24. Article 22. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Principles of Marriage and Family)
The family is the basis of the community, and every person must endeavor to maintain the family to which they belong, as well as to strengthen the bonds between its members.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce marriage, marriage divorce and other matters pertaining to the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.

NISHI Osamu (1994)

Article 24. Article 30.
Marriage shall be based only on the free and full consent of both sexes the parties involved, and shall be maintained through mutual cooperation and trust with the equal rights of husband and wife as its basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes The family shall be the natural and fundamental unit of society. The state shall respect its existence.

PHP Sōgō Kenkyūjo: PHP Institute

Article 24. Article 16. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships Family Life and Equality of the Sexes, Men and Women)
Marriage shall be based only on the consent of both sexes the parties concerned and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce marriage, marriage divorce and other matters pertaining to the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of men and women.

SANPEI Seiji (2013)

Article 24. Article 8.
Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
All of the people shall enjoy the following freedoms provided they conform to the public good:
…  
5. Freedom to marry anyone based on equal standing and mutual consent.

Sekai Seifu Kenkyūjo: World Government Institute Japan (SUZUKI Toshio) (2014)

Article 24. Article 17. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Marriage)
Marriage shall be based on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis the consent of both sexes that have the equal rights.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, divorce, and other matters related to marriage and family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of the individual dignity and the essential equality of the both sexes. 

Sōken Kaigi (2006)

Article 24. Article 39. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Protection of Families, Freedom of Marriage)
The State shall protect the family as the natural and foundational unit of society.
(2) Parents shall have the right and the obligation to care for and rear their children. The State shall render any necessary assistance to parents in fulfilling their duties therefor.
(3) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(4) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual human dignity and the essential equality of the sexes a husband and a wife, as well as respect for the value of the family as the basis of society.

Yomiuri Shinbun

Article 24. Article 27. (Individual Dignity in Family Relationships and Equality of the Sexes Family and Marriage)
The family must be protected as the basis of society.
(2) Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(3) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to the family and marriage, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.